Petrus Project
  • The Petrus Project
  • The Plan
  • The Team
  • The Authors
    • Peter the Venerable
    • Peter of Poitiers
    • Radulf of Sully
    • Richard of Poitiers
    • Bernard of Cluny
    • Radulf Tortarius
  • The Texts
  • Resources
  • How to cite this resource
  • Miracle Stories
    • Two Books on Miracles
      • Book I, Prologue
      • 1.1 A miraculous arrival in the county of Auvergne
      • 1.2 About the priest who unworthily celebrated the divine mysteries
      • 1.3 About he who could not swallow the body of Christ before he confessed himself
      • 1.4 About the death of a certain brother and his confession at the end of his life
      • 1.5 . About another brother false in his confession
      • 1.6 About one who was freed from the devil by a true confession
      • 1.7 How demons were put to flight by holy water
      • 1.8 About Gerard, a monk of pure and simple life
      • 1.9 About notable things which happened in and around Cluny
      • 1.10 About the miraculous apparition of Stephen, called, “the White”
      • 1.11 About a similar apparition of Bernard Grossus
      • 1.12 With so much envy the devil has always raged against Cluny
      • 1.13 About the brother whom [the devil] wished to deceive in the guise of an abbot.
      • 1.14 About the brother who heard demons boasting about their shameful acts.
      • 1.15 The story the Blessed Hugh narrated in chapter at Christmas Vigil.
      • 1.16 About the brother who saw demons processing as if monks
      • 1.17 About the old monk Alger
      • 1.18 About Armannus the novice, whom the devil terrified in the guise of a bear
      • 1.19 About the angel of the Lord who showed the place where the brothers uncovered Christ's cross
      • 1.20 About the dawdling brother Benedict, who saw a crowd of men dressed in white.
      • 1.21 About Turquillus, prior of the sisters of Marcigny
      • 1.22 The miracle which happened at this same monastery of Marcigny.
      • 1.23 About the dead knight who appeared three times to a certain priest
      • 1.24 About Guido, the bishop of Geneva [Guy of Faucigny]
      • 1.25 About a certain priest who died a terrible death.
      • 1.26 About Geoffrey III, the lord of Semur-en-Brionnais.
      • 1.27 About the dead knight who appeared to Humbert of Beaujeu
      • 1.28 Another chapter about an apparition in Spain.
      • Book II. Prologue
      • 2.1 About the oppressor of the church who was seen taken by the devil
      • 2.2 How someone buried alive, was fed by angel due to the masses and prayers of the Church
      • 2.3 An apology why in his narration, the writer of these deeds cannot retain their time and order
      • 2.4 About the good birth and adolescence of the Lord Matthew, Bishop of Albano.
      • 2.5 How he cleaved to the Venerable Ralph of Rheims, afterwards the Archbishop.
      • 2.6 So greatly desiring the monastic life, he abandoned ecclesiastical honours.
      • 2.7 Choosing Cluny due to the great reputation of its customs, he took the habit of a novice at SMdC
      • 2.8 How he conducted himself before God during his priory
      • 2.9 How he acted with his subordinates
      • 2.10 How he proved to be, both to those near and far
      • 2.11 How he maintained order most strictly when he was summoned by abbot Peter to Cluny
      • 2.12 Concerning the Cluniac schism fuelled by Pontius who had been abbot.
      • 2.13 On the end of the Cluniac scandal and the wisdom of the Lord Matthew.
      • 2.14 How he took up the bishopric of Albano and how he maintained holiness within himself
      • 2.15 How he prohibited that moneys be exchanged by Jews, when he was still a prior
      • 2.16 About the Schism of the Roman Church and how he virtuously defended the Catholic Side.
      • 2.17 About his glorious death accompanied by miraculous signs.
      • 2.18 About the vision which the prior of Saint Zenon saw about him
      • 2.19 About the vision of another brother
      • 2.20 How he put demons to flight with the sign of the cross and about his untiring devotion
      • 2.21 About the revelations shown to him before death and about the glory which he said awaiting him
      • 2.22 How he passed from this world at the light of dawn on the holy and glorious day of Our Lord
      • 2.23 The services celebrated for him and the honourable gathering in the Basilica of Saint Fridian
      • 2.24 About a certain evil monk who died most wickedly
      • 2.25 About the vision which I myself saw when staying in Rome
      • 2.26 About the vision of Brother Enguizo
      • 2.27 About the Statutes of the Carthusian monks
      • 2.28 About a certain Carthusian brother
      • 2.29 Another chapter on the same topic [the Carthusians]
      • 2.30 About the miracle of the Roman Candles in the Church of the Mother of God
      • 2.31 About the miraculous vision of a certain boy keeping vigil
      • 2.32 About a certain boy at Silvigny brought back to life by Saint Maiolus
      • 2.33 About the false confession of a certain brother
    • Life of Raingarde
    • Life of Peter the Venerable
  • Letters
    • The Letter Collection
      • Prefatory Epistle
      • Prefatory Epistle (more complete?)
      • 1. To Pope Innocent (1137)
      • 2. To Matthew of Albano (1134/35)
      • 3. to the Lord Chancellor Haimeric (1123/41, likely 1137)
      • 4. to Hugh, Archbishop of Rouen (1130/8)
      • 5. To Hato, Bishop of Troyes (1122/46)
      • 6. To the same (Hato) (1122/46)
      • 7. To the same (Hato) (1134)
      • 8. To Stephen, a priest skilled in the law (1125/6)
      • 9. To Peter, the schoolmaster
      • 10. To the same (Peter)
      • 11. To Pope Innocent II (1136/37)
      • 12. To William, Bishop of Embrum (1122/41)
      • 13. To Odo, the abbot of Saint-Lucien de Beauvais
      • 14. To Theodard, Prior of La Charité
      • 15. to Adela, Countess of Blois
      • 17. to Pope Innocent (1133/34)
      • 18. to Hato (1122/46)
      • 19. to Dulcianus of Montpellier, learned in the Law
      • 20. to the servant of God, Giselbert the hermit of Silvigny(?)
      • 21. to Pope Innocent (1138)
      • 22. to Hato, bishop of Troyes (1128/46)
      • 23. to Pope Innocent (1132/36)
      • 24.
      • 25.
      • 26. To his son beloved in Christ, Peter of Poitiers
      • 27.
      • 28. To Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux (c. 1127)
      • 29. to Bernard Abbot of Clairvaux (1138)
      • 32. to Pope Innocent (1135/43)
      • 33. to Pope Innocent (1132/40)
      • 34. To the Lord Chancellor Haimeric (1132/40)
      • 35. to the abbots of the Cistercian Order (1132/40)
      • 36. to the same (1133/40)
      • 37. To a certain heretic
      • 38. to Peter, the Archbishop of Lyons (1131/ 9)
      • 39. To Pope Innocent (1133)
      • 40. to Gilo the Schismatic (1130/4)
      • 42. a response of Lord Peter to Prior Theodard (1132/36)
      • 43. Again, to Prior Theodard of La Charité-sur-Loire (1130/9)
      • 44. to King Sigard I of Norway (1122/30)
      • 45. to the Brothers of St. Andrew of Northampton, about their Copyist Thomas
      • 47. to Matthew of Albano (1131/5, likely 1134)
      • 48. to the Carthusians, in consolation of their dead brothers (1122/37)
      • 49. To Henry, the Bishop of Winchester (1131)
      • 50. To Stephen, a Cleric of Lyons (1132/36)
      • 51. To the Knight Hugh Catula
      • 53. Again to his Brothers, in Epitaph of his mother (1135)
      • 55. to Henry, the Bishop of Winchester (1131/56)
      • 56. To the same (1135)
      • 58. To this son, beloved in Christ, Peter of Poitiers
      • 59. to Henry, bishop of Winchester (1134/35)
      • 60. to the same (1136)
      • 65. to Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux (1137)
      • 66 To Gilo the Schismatic (1138)
      • 67. to William, the Bishop of Orange (1130/41)
      • 68. To Count Amedaeus.
      • 69. to Hato, the Bishop of Troyes (1138)
      • 71. The Response of Bishop Hato to him (1138)
      • 74. The Response of Abbot Bernard to Peter, the Abbot of Cluny (1138)
      • 75. to John Comnenus, Emperor of Constantinople (likely 1138/9)
      • 76. to the Patriarch of Constantinople
      • 78. A Letter from Godfrey, the Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne to Peter, the Abbot of Cluny (1131/43)
      • 79. A response of Peter to him (1131/43)
      • 80. to the brothers at Mont Thabor
      • 81. To Hato, the Bishop of Troyes (1122/46)
      • 82. to the King of Jerusalem
      • 83. to the Patriarch of Jerusalem
      • 85. A Letter from Hato, Bishop of Troyes to the above Peter (1141)
      • 86. the Response of Abbot Peter to the Bishop Hato (1141)
      • 88. to Henry, Bishop of Winchester (1129/56)
      • 89. to Albero, Bishop of Liège (1136/45)
      • 90. to King Roger of Siciliy (1139/41)
      • 91. To Pontius, Abbot of Vézelay (1138/56)
      • 94. to the monk Gregory
      • 95. To Hato, Bishop of Troyes (1141)
      • 96. the Response of Bishop Hato to him (1141)
      • 97. to Pope Innocent
      • 98. to the same (1140)
      • 99. Again to Pope Innocent
      • 100. to the Clerics of Lyons (1141)
      • 101. to Pope Innocent (1141)
      • 102. to Milo I, bishop of Thérouanne (1140)
      • 105. to Aimard, the Archbishop of Narbonne (1143)
      • 106. to Geoffrey, the Archbishop of Bordeaux (1143)
      • 108. to Guarinus, the Bishop of Amiens (1127/44)
      • 109. to Suger, the Abbot of Saint-Dénis (1130/51)
      • 110 from Abbot Bernard of Clairvaux to the Lord Abbot (1143/44)
      • 111 The Reply of the Lord Abbot to Bernard of Clairvaux (1144)
      • 112. to Pope Celestine (1143)
      • 115. to Abbess Eloise (1143/44)
      • 116. to the lord Pope Lucius
      • 118. to Pope Lucius (1144)
      • 120. To Rainard, Cisterican abbot. (1134/50)
      • 121. to Hato, the Bishop of Troyes (1145)
      • 123. A letter of Peter of Poitiers to Peter his abbot, then dwelling in the forest of Cluny
      • 124. The return letter of the Lord Peter the Abbot to the same
      • 125. The Return letters from some companions to Peter of Poitiers from the woods of Cluny.
      • 126. The Letter of Robert, a learned man and Master of Physic
      • 127. The Letter of Gislebert, a noble and literate youth
      • 128. The return letter of Peter of Poitiers to the Lord Abbot and his colleagues
      • 129. The letter of Peter, the lord Abbot, to this Peter.
      • 131. to king Roger of Sicily (1146)
      • 132. to the Carthusians (1137/43)
      • 134. To Theobald, Bishop of Paris (1146)
      • 135. To the Prior Odo and the Brothers of Saint-Martin-in-the-Fields (1147/50)
      • 136. To Geoffrey, the Cistercian abbot of Les Roches (1137/56)
      • 137. To Geoffrey, the Bishop of Chartres (1135/48)
      • 138. to Peter, Abbot of St. Augustine at Limoges (1137/56)
      • 139. To Stephan, formerly Archbishop of Vienne (1148)
      • 147. to Ademar II, abbot of Figeac
      • 148. From Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux
      • 149 Reply of the Lord Abbot Peter (1149)
      • 150. Again to Bernard of Clairvaux (October 1149)
      • 151 to Nicholas of Clairvaux
      • 153 From Bernard of Clairvaux
      • Letter 158a (?)
      • 159. To the brothers at [St. Martial of] Limoges (1142?)
      • 161 (1148/52) To the Priors and Subpriors of Cluniac places.
      • 162. to the King of Sicily
      • 166. a Response of the Lord Abbot to him [Suger of Saint-Dénis] (1150)
      • 167. From Heloise to PV
      • 168. To Heloise.
      • 172. To Everard, Master of the Templars (1148/53)
      • 174. to Pope Eugenius (1145/33)
      • 181. to the abbot of Clairvaux (1151)
      • 183. to Philip the Prior of Clairvaux (March, 1151)
      • 184. to Galcher, the cellarer of Clairvaux (March, 1151)
      • 185. To his nieces
      • 186. To Basil, the Prior of the Carthusians (1151)
      • 192. to Lord Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux (1152)
      • 193. To his Nicholas (1152)
    • Additional Letters
  • Legal Texts
    • Statutes
      • Bibliography
      • Summary
      • The Statutes of Peter the Venerable, Abbot of Cluny
      • Later Statutes
    • Managing Cluniac Accounts
    • Papal Bulls
      • Calixtus II's Papal Assent to the election of Peter the Venerable
      • Innocent II's approval of Peter the Venerable's ability to set statutes
      • Various partially translated charters
    • Charters
      • Latin charters (1122-56) from Bibliotheca Cluniacensis
  • Poems & Liturgy
    • In defence of Peter of Poitiers
    • A liturgical prose, in honour of the Mother of the Lord
    • Another liturgical prose in honour of the Mother of Our Lord
    • Hymn, in honour of Holy Mary Magdalene
    • Hymn about the Holy Father Benedict
    • Another Hymn about the translation and coming of this Father Benedict
    • A rhythmic verse on Saint Hugh, abbot of Cluny
    • A verse in honour of Count Eustache
    • A verse in epitaph of Prior Bernard
    • Verse in epitaph of Peter Abelard
    • Verse in epitaph of Rainald, Archbishop of Laon
    • A rhythmic verse, on the resurrection of our Lord
    • Rhythmic verse in praise of the Saviour.
  • Polemic
    • Bibliography
  • Peter of Poitiers
    • Letter to abbot Peter (Sicut precipere)
    • Panegyric in praise of Peter the Venerable
    • Letter to his critics
    • Against the Barbarian
    • Epitaph of Pope Gelasius II
    • Epitaph of Bishop Adefonso
    • Preface to Peter the Venerable's work against the Saracens
  • Richard of Poitiers
    • Chronica
    • Chronica - Dedicatory Epistle
    • BNF, n.a.l. 670 - Transcription (in progress)
  • Resources
    • A(n) Historiographical Note on Researching Twelfth-Century Cluny
    • Manuscript and Early Printed Sources
      • Paris, BNF, ms. latin 17716
      • Pierre de Montmartre, D. Petri venerabilis, ... Opera
      • Patrologia Latina
    • Digital Resources
    • Biographies
      • Giles Constable
      • Denise Bouthillier
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  1. Legal Texts
  2. Statutes

Summary

PreviousBibliographyNextThe Statutes of Peter the Venerable, Abbot of Cluny

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Summary

Dating:

1132 PV proposed these statutes at the general assembly of 1132 which brought together more than 200 priories and 1200 monks [acc. to Odericus Vitalis]

1136/7/8 Innocent II gives bull granting PV right to reform Cluniac monasteries; 29 January 1136.

1144 PV mentions a ‘great gathering of our monks” (perhaps that year?) [cf. Letters, I, 293, 398]

1146PV only promulgated them at the Chapter meeting in 1146 after getting the authorization to correct the way of monastic life from Innocent II,. The dating arises from the prologue of the Statuta, in which Peter refers to his abbacy as having begun 24 years before in 1122 (thus making the dating ca. 1146/7).

1148A second document followed in 1148, Dispositio rei familiaris Cluniacensis(PL189, col. 1047-54).

The De miraculis also provides an account of another attempt to implement the reform, which was undertaken by Matthew of Albano. [This text begun august 1135, later added to in 1142/ 1143].

Acc. to Knowles there is no indication of the relation of the 1132 decrees to the Statuta. “Retour” suggests they are the same.

The dating of some of the statutes show they were composed earlier, some later. St. 19 was issued while work on the church was still in progress, which was consecrated by Innocent II in 1130 [though this may not mean that it was finished then]; Statute 61 refers to a pratice only instituted in St. 25. And Statutes 63-76 might be something else, given that Peter seems to sum up stuff in Stat. 62, and the latter statutes seem to repeat what comes at the beginning. These last 14 only exist in one manuscript, added to the first recension of the text. The causae might also be added only when they were collected together.The single statute surviving outside the collection, or the specific application of St. 44 found in the cartulary of Longpoint [cf. Le cartulaire du prieuré de Notre-Dame de Longpoint. (Lyon, 1879): 69-70.] has a causa. [taken from Statuta Petri Venerabilis, 22-24]

Description:

introduces modifications, addresses abuses, clarifies points of the RB. Offers both statuta and the reason for its modification. Acc. to PV, there is eternal and human law, the second is changeable: ie. fasts, vigils, manual labour, corporal penitence. PV emphasizes that popes and his predecessors have changed custom from necessity or for rationality. Basis in moderation. It is also a justification (I believe) for the future, to defend his changes and ensure their complete incorporation. I think, moreover, that the reasons he uses to justify changes are political- justifications that all would accept- which hide his desire to implement ideological changes (ex. Stat. 55)

-76 + 2 statuta in total: celebration of divine office (9); penitence/ abstinence (6); silence (5); reception (5); infirmary (4); recruitment (4); charity (2); servants (1); nuns (1).

A. Prologue: PV offers a long justification for making changes; changes made not according to his will/ desire, but following the precepts of the RB, the opinion of senioresand with the assent of the entire chapter general.

B. Liturgy: (20) •matins and vespers must always be celebrated on domincal days •simplified some offices, suppressed psalms, established new readings, new chants, imposed the recitation of the credo. •established a marial cult (daily mass for mary) • imposed a feast of the Transfiguration, the inventioof the Holy Cross •liturgy for the dead (new vigils), to limit acts of mercy on account of dead. •harmonization of chant and silence •prohibition of private masses during conventual mass •when all candles are to be lit

C. Order and Discipline: •restraint in eating/ drinking •emphasis on silence •simplicity in clothing •suppression of no longer significant customs: shoe washing, the siesta •recruitment: habit not before 20, priest not before 25

Constable suggests that from letter 150 (refering to a decision concerning the reception of Cistercian monks in Cluniac houses), it can be seen that the list of statutes is incomplete.

Constable (intro to Stat., p. 24) refers to customs, as “not simply what had been done for a certain length of time, but what had been properly done. Thus in the causaof Statute 72 he spoke of an abuse which has already changed into custom in such a way that people think it is a custom. Constable suggests that novelty could correct unworthy custom, because by definition proper custom would not need to be changed.

Reception

PV Statutes 1, 12, 35, 36, 38, 40, 43, 45 were reissued by Hugh V as 5, 6, 11, 17, 19, 26, 44, 55 (1200)

PV Statutes 45 as Hugh V, 21 (1205/6)

PV Statute 35 as Henry I, stat. 71 (1314)

Chapter Headings

Preface

1. De repausationibus cantantium [St. 19, HUGH V 1200]

2. De dominicali officio festivitatibus duodecim lectionum [Herr, 1, 50; Ul 1, 11; CA 64]

3. De commemoratione dominicae dei

4. De genuflexionibus die dominico [Herr, I, 60, 68, 21, 58, 66…; Ul 2, 29]

5. De transfiguratione Domini

6. De missis privatis [Herr, I, 71; Ul II, 30]

7. De sonitu signorum ante maiorum missam [Herr I, 2, 6, 23; Ul 3, 4]

8. De anniversariis [Pal. f. 128r]

9. De prima dominca Adventus

10. De abstinentia ab adipe sexta feria

11. De abstientia a pigmento [Herr, 2, 15; I, 11, I, 8, I, 12]

12. De abstinentia carnibus

13. De ieiuniis vigiliarum festivitatum

14. De ieiuniis regularibus

15. De abstinentia ab adipe in Adventu [CA b 17; LT 4; Ul 1, 44

16. De pannis prohibitis

17. De pellibus prohibitis

18. De pannis prohibitis

19. De silentio in monasterio [LT, 129, 154, 192, 194; Herr, 2, 20, I, 23, I, 17; Ul 2, 3, III, 26]

20. De silentio in Quadragesima

21. De locutionibus in claustro

22. De silentio ad mensam

23. De clausura regularium domorum

24. De famulis in infirmaria

25. De scilla in infirmaria

26. De meridianis ieiunorum [CA b 1, 37;

27. De vasis vinariis

28. De ablutione calciarum

29. De vestibus fratrum equitantium

30. De involucris crurum

31. De psalmis in duodecim lectionum festivitatibus

32. De anniversariis

33. De reliquiis refectorii et infirmariae

34. De temporibus

35. De monachorum susceptione

36. De pueris non recipiendis

37. De tempore probationis

38. De novitiorum benedictione

39. De opere manuum

40. De monachis iter agentibus

41. De plenum ordinem tenendo

42. De silentio in parvis monasteriis

43. De sacerdotum aetate

44. De donationibus et venditionibus terrarum et thesaurorum

45. De procuratoribus

46. De famulis priorum

47. De habitationibus sanctimonalium

48. De familiaribus

49. De luminibus in dormitario

50. De lectionibus infra octavas Assumptionis et apostolorum Petri et Pauli

51. De gratiis post mensam

52. De accensione cereorum coronae

53. De clausura novi monasterii

54. De missa cotidiana in honore beatae Mariae

55. De abbate in capitulum veniente

56. De pueris scholaribus

57. De credo ad missam maiorem

58. De prosa Caeleste organumNativitate Domini

59. De antiphonis feria quinta Quadragesimae

60. De horis beatae Mariae in ecclesia infirmorum

61. De Prima in capella infirmorum recitanda

62. De cruce in unctione monachorum infirmorum

63. De usu staminiarum in flagellationibus

64. De canistris ad suscipiendis reliquias

65. De sedendo ad missas

66. De pueris scholaribus

67. De pneumis

68. De hymnis propriis

69. De custodibus in dormitorio

70. De vestibus famulorum

71. De dicendo Ipsum auditein responsoriis et antiphoniis

72. De missis privatis Nativitate Domini

73. De vino ad missas Natalis Domini

74. De cantando Kyriein quinque praecipuis festis

75. De festis sanctae Crucis

76. De antiphona Salve Regina

Consult BC col 1382: Solet annuere Sedes apostolica

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